Black Smokers

Part I of Essay
Deep in the Pacific Ocean lays something that has never been seen before with the naked eye until just recently. These odd formations are called "". They resemble chimney-like pillars that form when extremely hot mineral rich water leaks out of cracks in the ocean floor. ....

Part II of Essay
.... of these include giant clams, giant worms, and all sorts of different organisms. Up until recently, smokers have only been observed by videotape and "deep-diving submersibles". Last summer a team from the University of Washington and the American Museum of Natural History accomplished the task of bringing four "" to the surface. The method that the team used for retrieval was quite interesting. The team followed a "loggers technique" for detaching the smoker from the Earth’s crust. They used a "choker", like the cables loggers use to dra ....