... established; and how should they be done. It was an unquestioned axiom that if everyone did what the upper management required, the business would be successful. Organizations are composed of the people in them and the managers who lead them. People respond strongly to leadership expectations and rewards. If they are given little power in their jobs, they have little interest in improving them. If leaders exhort the members for better output but reward (promotions, bonuses, recognition) for mostly higher output, they get the behavior they reward. Quantity over quality has been a common management philosophy in the United States. The first step in implem ...
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... about without extensive integration and unification of international governments and economies, a task so vast that it is unlikely ever to be accomplished. Thus, the only option central banks have is to allow exchange rates to float freely. The European Monetary System, which virtually collapsed in 1993, was an attempt to fix exchange rates within certain tight bands, to coordinate monetary policy between member nations and to have central banks intervene to keep exchange rates within the bands when necessary. The reasons for the collapse were myriad, but, simply put, it happened because Germany, dealing with financial problems in part arising from its reunificati ...
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... the cost of one dollar at four billion marks, Germany was in the throes of economic and social chaos. Starvation became a reality for millions of people, despite a bumper cereal harvest, as shops reverted to the barter system. Farmers refused to accept the effectively worthless, banknotes in exchange for grain, and food quickly began to run short in the cities. Prices rose one trillion-fold from their pre-war level. More importantly, for the long-term political future of Germany, the middle and working classes saw their savings wiped out. These were, in essence, the people who were later to become the hard-core of the Nazi vote. Economists will argue that runa ...
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... immigrants for permanent settlement Mass immigration has played a significant role in the economic history of the United States, nevertheless the harsh fact is that what may be necessary and beneficial at one time, may not be so at another. The demand for labor is being affected by "restructuring forces stemming from the nature and pace of technological change; from the stiff international competition the United States that now confronts for the first time in its history; from major shifts in consumer spending away from goods toward services; and from the substantial reduction In the national defense expenditures brought about by the end of the Cold War in t ...
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... more than 25 percent of all workers had been with their current employers one year or less. About a quarter of those unemployed at any particular time are employed one month later. This means that a considerable degree of unemployment in the United States is frictional and lasts only a short time. This type of unemployment could be reduced somewhat by more efficient placement services. When workers are free to quit their jobs, some frictional unemployment will always be present. The second form of Unemployment is structural unemployment. Structural unemployment arises from an imbalance between the kinds of workers wanted by employers and the kinds of workers lo ...
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... is a simple and easy way for recipients to better themselves. The program sets limits, obtainable goals, and eliminates the long-term welfare recipient. A person may only receive welfare for a maximum of twenty-four months, but not necessarily a consecutive twenty-four months. Welfare participants of the Welfare-to-Work program enroll in job training courses that fit their personal skills and receive help in job placement. Once they are in these jobs, the recipients opportunities to move up and on with their lives are infinite. The decline in the number of welfare cases show that the Welfare-to-Work program is working. According to the figures made pu ...
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... to find ways of having lower costs of production. This aims come to light because, as foreign products enter the market, they may be of a better quality and even cheaper than the national ones. Now, the consumers will have more possibilities to choose from and, it is very probbable that they will choose the cheaper and brand new products. So, if national producers donīt do anything in order to improve thier products, then they will be in danger of going to bankruptcy. As a result of this, the national products have to seek, as I said before, for cheaper costs and better products. When this occurrs, then national products are ready (or at least have more possibil ...
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... Place Ville Marie in Montreal and the U.S. based Hahn Company.4 Horsham Incorporated is led by Peter Munk who owns 10% of the equity and 80% of votes through ownership of multiple voting shares. Horsham Incorporated has assets including Clark Refining and Marketing Incorporated, 20% of American Barrick and real estate in Berlin.5 The proposal in 1994 had Horsham paying 500 million dollars to receive a portion of the debt that is convertible to common shares and then another 100 million dollars for additional equity. The deal put a total value of 1.2 billion dollars into debt and outstanding equity in Trizec.6 Horsham now owns 48% of Trizec and is trying to ...
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... reduced and results in never-ending improvement in customer satisfaction at every level. TQM depends on and creates a culture in an organisation which involves everybody in quality improvement. Everyone in the company can affect quality but must first realise this factor and have the techniques and tools which are appropriate for improving quality. Thus TQM includes the marketing and dissemination of quality and methods not only within the organisation and customers but also to suppliers and other partners. The general view to achieve success in TQM could be summarised as below: Quality as strength Quality in all processes The importanc ...
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... is that corporation have limited liabilities. This means that the corporation is responsible for its own acts and obligations under the law. This characteristic protects the stockholders of the corporation because the only financial loss that they may suffer is limited to the amount invested. Also, the creditors of the corporation can not go beyond the assets of the corporation to satisfy their claims. The stockholders or the shareholders are the ones who have control over the management of a corporation's operation and activities. They are the ones who elect the board of directors, and the board of directors are responsible to the stockholders. Also, the ...
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