... emit a high yield of light with no outside influence other than the incoming photon. So GFP is basically a stable little (27-30 kD) green light bulb that can be tacked on to other proteins at either the N- or C-terminus without a distortion of its compact beta-can structure. Biochemists now frequently exploit GFP’s unique structural and physical characteristics to visualize various cellular activities. One such application of GFP is to understand the role of a hormone, T3, in the translocation of thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TRs).* In this project, GFP was fused to the human TR subtype b1 protein and the protein’s intracellular movement was visually t ...
Words: 1280 - Pages: 5
... at a certain frequency. It travels in a straight line, and is subject to refraction. All of these characteristics are found in waves of any type, from radio frequency waves, up to Gamma and X- rays. Light, however, also exhibits qualities characteristic of particles such as neutrons and protons. A photon, or quanta, is the "packet" of energy that is sent in a light wave. Like a particle, the photon is believed to have a finite mass, and has the ability to affect other matter. As light strikes a photovoltaic solar cell, it knocks electrons in the silicon atoms on the surface into a higher state of energy. When these return to their normal, or "ground" state, ener ...
Words: 892 - Pages: 4
... is linked to an inner, light-sensitive circadian rhythm. In the temperate zones, day lengths during the natural 24-hour cycle vary with the seasons. In winter and spring, the period of light lengthens; in summer and autumn, it shortens. Plants in these zones undergo alternate 12-hour phases of light sensitivity. During one 12-hour phase, decreasing exposure to light induces a short-day reaction. For example, deciduous trees under the influence of the shorter days of fall drop their leaves. During the other 12-hour phase, more exposure to light creates a long-day reaction. Deciduous trees grow leaves again during the lengthening days of spring. This indicates tha ...
Words: 260 - Pages: 1
... successfully to timely and appropriate intervention." Definition of " develops during the first six months of gestation . Neurons are churned out in the brain's ventricular zone. Attached to fibers, the neurons travel to the cerebral cortex, which contains the language centers. Here they hit a barrier, stop and take their place in layers above previously deposited neurons, (which is normal). In the brains of dyslexics, how-ever, there are breaches in the barrier and the neurons enter them, leaving clumps of nerve cells called ectopias, which appear to interface with the brain's ability to receive and transmit certain messages. They are now finding that ...
Words: 1175 - Pages: 5
... of Malaria both begins and ends. The parasitic protozoan enters the bloodstream via the bite of an infected female mosquito. During her feeding she transmits a small amount of anticoagulant and haploid sporozoites along with saliva. The sporozoites head directly for the hepatic cells of the liver where they multiply by asexual fission to produce merozoites. These merozoites can now travel one of two paths. They can go to infect more hepatic liver cells or they can attach to and penetrate erytherocytes. When inside the erythrocytes the plasmodium enlarges into uninucleated cells called trophozites The nucleus of this newly formed cell then divides asexually to pro ...
Words: 2080 - Pages: 8
... species would start to increase. 3. It is seldom possible to count all the individuals in a given space. Explain one method by which biologists can study population densities without obtaining such data. Scientist barely ever count the amount of individuals in a certain area because it would take too much time. Instead of actually counting the number of individuals in an area they would compare it with other areas where they know the population of individuals. In this way they can roughly estimate the number of individuals in a certain area. 4. What might happen to a rabbit population in an area where there are no predators? If there were a few rabbits in an ar ...
Words: 1414 - Pages: 6
... has a small head with large ears and a small mouth. The fur is soft and woolly and some can have stripes on them. The kangaroo's body is specially built for jumping. It has two long, powerful hind legs with four toes on each. The front legs are short and have five toes with claws. These paws are used to handle food. Most of it's weight it in the hind legs and tail. Kangaroos can jump across flat land up to thirty miles an hour. Even though it is quite timid, kangaroos can fight very hard. They use there paws to position an opponent, and then kick them with the powerful back legs. They can rip a dog or small child to death with a single stroke. Kangaroos ...
Words: 1108 - Pages: 5
... motion. He lived 500 years ago. The first law of motion is: An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless a force makes the object change its state of rest or motion. This means the rocket balloon won't start until you let go of the closing (hole). It wont stop until it runs out of air or something is in the way of its' path. The second law of motion is: The acceleration of an object increases as the amount of force causing the acceleration increases. This means the more air in the balloon the farther and faster it goes. The third law of motion is: For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. ...
Words: 422 - Pages: 2
... is composed overwhelmingly of plants, which not only underpin all food webs but also modify climates and create and hold down soil, making what would otherwise be stony, sandy masses habitable for life. Cell Structure and Function The tremendous variety of plant species is, in part, a reflection of the many distinct cell types that make up individual plants. Fundamental similarities exist among all these cell types, however, and these similarities indicate the common origin and the interrelationships of the different plant species. Each individual plant cell is at least partly self-sufficient, being isolated from its neighbors by a cell membrane, or ...
Words: 1780 - Pages: 7
... more subtle mistake is the idea that anti-water would only annihilate with ordinary water, and could safety be kept in (say) an iron container. This is not so: it is the subatomic particles that react so destructively, and their arrangement makes no difference. Scientists at CERN in Geneva are working on a device called the LEAR (low energy anti-proton ring) in an attempt to slow the velocity of the anti-protons to a billionth of their normal speeds. The slowing of the anti-protons and positrons, which normally travel at a velocity of that near the speed of light, is neccesary so that they have a chance of meeting and combining i ...
Words: 1226 - Pages: 5
