... to produce insulin structurally and chemically identical to pancreatic human insulin. (Hyde, 1984) As of 1986, human insulin began to be produced by a process which involves the enzymatic conversion of human insulin's biosynthetic precursor, human proinsulin. The genetic coding for human proinsulin is inserted into the special E. coli bacteria which are then grown in a fermentation process to produce human proinsulin. With genetic engineering, new proteins are synthesized. They can be introduced into plants or animal genomes, producing a new type of disease resistant plants, capable of living in inhospitable environments. When introduced into bacteria, these p ...
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... photon waves are not moving along together because they are not being emitted at the same instant but instead in random short bursts. Such beams are called incoherent. The process for laser action, was first proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917. The working principles of lasers were outlined by the American physicists Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Hard Townes in their 1958 patent application. The patent was granted but was later challenged by the American physicist and engineer Gordon Gould. In 1960 the American physicist Theodore Maiman observed the first laser action in solid ruby. HOW A LASER WORKS A laser is made up of several basic components. On ...
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... of the solar system may have stripped away lighter materials, making Mercury a very dense planet with an iron core extending outwards 4/5 of the way to the surface. Mercury bares a very similar resemblance to our moon because it has a lot of craters. The craters, which cover seventy-five percent of Mercury’s surface, were formed by huge rocks that smashed into the planet’s surface. The largest crater is called the Caloris Basin and it is 1400 km in diameter and is flooded with molten lava. Mercury also has many cliffs that are usually over 300 miles long and two miles high. The rest of the planet’s surface is smooth and may have been formed by lava flowing out ...
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... 2. Facts programmed into rules 3. Only as good as the information E. Expert Systems 1. Database of information 2. Limited to structured rules 3. Use symbolic representations F. Case-bases reasoning (CBR) 1. Allows a system to store and analyze data 2. Analyzes each case uniquely III. How AI can be used A. Neural Networks 1. Military aircraft 2. S&P index 3. Recognizing new patterns of credit-card fraud B. Fuzzy logic 1. Washing machines 2. Vacuum cleaners 3. AC's C. Chaos theory 1. Wall street 2. Ability to predict and diagnose heart disease D. Expert systems 1. Employee Training ...
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... process which needs to be completed perfectly, in order for the cell to divide and replicate normally. Very often a cell loses its regulation, and begins replicating out of control, that is it becomes cancerous. Abnormal cell growth is often known as cancer. During which, cancer cells do not respond normally to the body's control mechanisms. They often divide excessively, invade other tissues and, if unchecked, can kill the whole organism. Researchers studying cancer cells in culture have found that they do not respond to the normal signals that stop growth such as contact inhibition. They continue to grow until nutrients in the growth medium are exhausted. Othe ...
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... up of a dozen or more tchicks all strung together. Scientific Names The downy woodpecker's scientific name is Picoides pubescens. There are also six particular downies with six particular scientific names all from different regions of the United States and southern Canada which I have listed below: southern downy / Dryobates pubescens Gairdner's woodpecker / Gairdneri pubescens Batchelder's woodpecker / Leucurus pubescens northern downy / Medianus pubescens Nelson's downy / Nelsoni pubescens willow woodpecker / Turati pubescens The downy woodpecker is sometimes reffered to as "little downy." Behavior Towards Humans The downy i ...
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... copy of this chromosome, accounts for 95 percent of Down syndrome cases. Two other abnormalities each account for 2 to 3 percent of all cases. The first, translocation, takes place when a child inherits an extra piece of chromosome 21 attached to a different chromosome. The second, called mosaic Down syndrome, results when only some cells in the body have the extra chromosome. There is no cure for Down syndrome although prenatal tests are available to identify fetuses with the disorder. Down syndrome can be diagnosed just by looking at the baby at birth. The facial features and characteristics can tell you that. If the attending physician suspects Down syndrome, ...
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... hydrogen called synthesis gas, used for the synthesis of methanol and ammonia. High-purity oxygen is used also in the metal- fabrication industries; in liquid form it is of great importance as a propellant for guided missiles and rockets2. I have chosen the element "Oxygen" because without Oxygen, human beings would not be able to live. Oxygen is probably the single most important element in the world as we know it. With out Oxygen we would not breath, have water, eat plants. Oxygen's Electron configuration is 1S2 + 2S2 + 2P4, it's electron dot symbol is: . Gaseous oxygen can be condensed to a pale blue liquid that is strongly magnetic. Pale blue s ...
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... Faults are not always visible at the surface of the earth. A fault is a fracture within a rocky mass within the earth's crust. The depth and the length of faults vary tremendously. Earthquakes are caused by faults that are active. An active fault is a fault along which the two sides of the fracture move with respect to each other. An earthquake is caused by the sudden movement of the two sides of the fault. Faults are divided into three main groups, depending on how they move. There are normal faults which occur in response to pulling or tension. There are thrust faults which are caused as a result of squeezing or compression. The third group is strike ...
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... which is the primary source, therefore it may be spread through coughing , mouth to mouth contact of mucous membranes during kissing. This is where the common nickname was derived "the kissing disease". In rare cases this disease may be transmitted through blood transfusions. The disease is usually transmitted to family members, friends and people that you may go to school with, rather then people that live in the same community. People often come in contact with the disease or EBV bacteria at least once in there life. Although symptoms are incredibly mild or they are not present at all. When the disease is present in a persons blood stream it is only ...
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